CLAVE 1 / 4Iran’s Ahwaz-Ray pipeline moves 300,000 bpd from Dezful to Tehran, but no route exists to shift crude north to the Caspian.
CLAVE 2 / 4Russia’s shallow-draft tanker fleet is already stretched exporting its own oil, leaving little capacity for Iranian volumes.
CLAVE 3 / 4Kazakhstan’s five tankers shuttle oil from Aktau to Baku—none venture near Iranian waters, per AIS tracking.
CLAVE 4 / 4A US naval blockade has cut 90% of Iran’s shipborne exports to China, its former top buyer.
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